Retrieving Repressed Memories with EMDR
By Dr. Randi Fredricks, Ph.D.
There are a number of methods that can help to retrieve memories.
The most popular and effective techniques used in memory recovery are hypnosis, dream interpretation, automatic writing,
somatic stimulation known as body work, and EMDR. All these methods, with the exception of EMDR, attempt to access traumas via the
unconscious mind. Even body work addresses memories stored in the brain.
The EMDR method is best used for the retrieval of memories that are only partly repressed, but cause undue distress in daily life.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)
is guided eye movement from side to side while the subject thinks about a specific traumatic experience
EMDR brings the inaccessible details of the experience to your consciousness. In addition, the operating mode allows the subject
to resolve the old experience and cancel its traumatic nature.
To resolve any severe trauma that was repressed, the subject has to process the information in full consciousness and reexperience the trauma.
The mental pain and reaction are as strong or even stronger than they were during the original experience. EMDR does not reduce the
degree of the affective experience. EMDR is typically done with the assistance of a therapist.
EMDR can be used for other purposes than just simple retrieval of memories or repressed traumas.
Even the retrieval of everyday memories can be helped by employing EMDR. This method can also facilitate merging of personalities
in a person with multiple personality. The technique is applied to every personality individually, and this approach weakens the dissociative barriers.
Both lay people and professionals have been wondering whether EMDR can produce distorted or false memories that sometimes happens in hypnosis.
Physiology of the brain indicates that the EMDR technique does not do anything extraordinary to the mind. We enter this operating mode
spontaneously during many everyday tasks. The mode is not the prevalent operating mode of the brain, but is absolutely normal.
Most importantly, this mode exists in full consciousness. When in this mode, the brain retrieves the memories as they are and
without additional distortion. The mode only facilitates memory recovery and does not affect the original information.
References (To view, roll mouse over the "References" heading; to hide, click on the heading)
Kitchiner, N.; Bisson, J. & Roberts, N. (2005). The use of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry, 9(8), 19-22.
Masson, J. (2005). L'outil EMDR en alcoologie: Reflexions theoriques et cliniques. [EMDR in alcoology: Theoretical and clinical reflections]. Psychotherapies, 25, 117-123. [French]
Rothbaum, B.O.; Astin, M. & Marsteller, F. (2005). Prolonged exposure versus Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(6), 607-616.
Schneider, G.; Nabavi, D. & Heuft, G. (2005). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in a patient with comorbid epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 7(4), 715-718.
Sikes, V. & Sikes, C. (2005). A Response to May's Commentary on "A Look at EMDR: Technique, Research and Use with College Students". Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 19, 75-79.
Silver, S.; Rogers, S.; Knipe, J. & Colelli, G. (2005). EMDR therapy following the 9/11 terrorist attacks: a community-based intervention project in New York City. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 29-42.
Stöfsel, M. (2005). EMDR-behandeling in het Sinai Centrum = [EMDR treatment in the Sinai Centre]. Cogiscope, 1(1), 2-9.
Wagner, F. & Seidler, G. (2005). Die Wirksamkeit von EMDR im direkten Vergleich zur kognitiv-behavioralen Therapie in der Behandlung von PTSD: eine metaanalytische Betrachtung = The efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy: a meta analytical examination. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 3(2), 61-72. [German]