Without holding inner states as causal, B. F. Skinner's radical behaviorism accepted internal states as part of a causal chain of behavior,
but continued to hold that the only way to improve the internal state was through environmental manipulation.
Behavior therapy is based upon the principles of classical conditioning developed by Ivan Pavlov and operant conditioning developed by Skinner.
There has been up to now a good deal of confusion about how exactly these two conditionings differ and whether the various techniques of Behaviour
Therapy have any common scientific base. One answer has come in the form of an online paper called Reinforcing Behaviour Therapy which more and more
psychologists are now studying and appreciating.
Contingency management programs are a direct product of research from operant conditioning. These programs have been highly successful. Even with
adult who suffer from schizophrenia these programs produce results
Systematic desensitization and exposure and response prevention both evolved from respondent conditioning and have also received considerable research.
Behavior therapy based its core interventions on functional analysis. Just a few of the many problems that behavior therapy have functionally
analysed include intimacy in couples relationships, forgiveness in couples, chronic pain, stress related behavior problems of being an adult child
of an alcoholic, anorexia, chronic distress, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and obesity.
Functional analysis has even been applied to problems that therapists commonly encounter like client resistance, particially engaged clients
and involentary clients. Applications to these problems have left clinicans with considerable tools for enhancing therapeutic effectiveness.
One way to enhance therapeutic effectivness is to use positive renienforcement or operant conditioning.
Many have argued that Behavior Therapy is at least as effective as drug treatment for depression, ADHD, and OCD.
Considerable policy implications have been inspired by behavioral views of various forms of psychopathology.
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